Friday, November 22, 2019
Work Book
Unit: 1
Unit 1 Experience
■LISTING EXPERIENCES AND ACHIEVEMENTS
Develop the notes below into short paragraphs, listing each person's experiences and achievements, Begin with the sentences given.
1. Brenda Gibbons is just the right person for the job.
He has taught science at university. He has worked as an industrial chemist for 5 years and has written two books on oil, which are quite considerable. He has had an experience on North Sea oilrig. He was lecturer on energy at Cambridge University in 1980.
2. The new party leader, Andrew Fife, is a man of wide and varied experience. He has worked both as a journalist and as economist. He has been minister in two
governments. He has worked as the Chancellor of the Exchequer for four year (from 1974-1978). He had a worldwide travel and he had visited the many heads of state. He has gained good knowledge of variety of customs and behavior of different people and places.
3. At 60, Brian considers that he has not had a very exciting life so far. He has worked for the same job for 30 years. He has never moved from house. He has been living there since his birthday. He has gone abroad once in a day trip. He went to Calais 1965. He has been to London for three times but has never visited the right-club.
ASKING ABOUT EXPERIENCES
Look at the example, and write similar conversations between A and B. B must give brief details about his/her experience.
1. fine/ for a parking offence? (speeding)
A. Have you ever been fined for a parking offence?
B. No I haven't, but I have been fined for speeding. They caught me doing 85
mph on the motorway.
2. Steal/ wallet? (umbrella)
A. Have you ever had stolen a wallet?
B. No I haven't, but I have stolen an umbrella. I stole it from department store.
3. Trap/ in a lift? (toilet)
A. Have you ever trapped in a lift?
B. No I haven't, but I have been trapped in a toile by unknown people.
4. X-ray/chest? (teeth)
A. Have you ever had your chest X-rayed?
B. No I haven't, but I have had my teeth x-rayed last month. I had a serious
toothache.
5. throw / out of class? (library)
A. Have you ever been thrown out of the class?
B. No I haven't, but I have been thrown out of library when I was fighting with
my friend.
6. Mistake/ for a rock star? (TV actor/actress)
A. Have you ever been mistaken for a star?
B. No I haven't, but I have been mistaken for a Tv star. When I went to
Newroad for shopping, a yong lady ran after me asking for my autograph.
SUPERLATIVES
Look at the example, and write about the other topics in the same way.
1. mean people
The meanest person I've ever met was Jack Davies. He used to walk everywhere rather than pay for the bus.
2. frightening experiences
The most frightening experiences I've ever had was when I was fallen from the wall of
our campus, My 7th & 11th ribs were broken and I found it difficult to move about.
3. stupid mistakes
The most stupid mistake I've ever made was getting marriage in my early twenties. It was difficult for me to maintain the house without job.
4. Uncomfortable beds
The most uncomfortable bed I've ever had was in a remote village during my official trip. When I woke up in the morning I felt difficult to move my body.
5. Boring jobs
The most boring job I have ever done was teaching, I shouted but students didn't
follow me for hours and I found difficult to handle the children.
6. Funny films
The funniest film I've ever seen was "Hangama" I saw it 5 times and it was so funny that I used to laugh a lot when I remembered the comedy scenes.
HOW MANY TIMES?
Express each of the sentences below in two other ways.
1. I've only visited Britain once before.
This is only my second visit to Britain
This is only the second time I've visited Britain.
2. This is my first night in a 5-star hotel.
I've never slept in a 5-star hotel before.
This is the first time I've ever slept in a 5-star hotel
3. This is his third stretch in prison.
This is only his second stretch in prison.This is the third time he has been imprisoned. He has been imprisoned twice before.
4. This is the first time I've worked in travel agent's.
I've never worked in a travel agency before.
This is my first job in a travel agency.
5. I've flown in Concorde four times before.
This is the fifth time I have ever flown in Concorde.
This is my fifth flight in Concorde.
6. This is only my third attack of flu.
I've attacked of flu two times before.
This is the third time I've been attacked by flu.
“Be used” (Page 7)
Continue the remarks below with a sentence using (not) used to. Structure:
Sub + is/am/are +( not )+ used to +V4 + Obj
1. The traffic doesn’t wake him up at night.
-He is used to sleeping in the street.
2. He is going to find it hard work working on a building site.
- He isn’t used to working on a building site.
3. She is quite surprised when I gave her some flowers.
-She is not used to receiving flowers from others.
4. He won’t mind if you stare at him. - He is used to being stared at.
5. I get a bit lonely sometimes, now that she has gone.
-I am not used to living alone.
6. It is quite hard work doing all my own washing and cleaning.
-I am not used to washing and cleaning.
7. I don’t think she’s ever opened a door herself.
- She is used to asking others to open her door.
8. You can bring as many friends as you like home to dinner.
- We are used to enjoying with the guests.
9. I’m not surprised he is out of breath. - He is not used to running.
10. Ooh dear. I’ve got a stomach-ache. - I’m not used to having oily food.
UNIT:2
UNIT-2 IDENTIFYING WITH LIKE'
Continue the following remarks with look, sound smell, feel or taste, + like.
Example: Surely he's not a manual worker. . . .
He looks like a businessman to me.
1. Are you sure this is tea?
It tastes like a coffee to me.
2. I wonder who wrote that music
It sounds like Krishna Hari Baral's to me.
3. He's got a foreign accent
He sounds like a foreigner to me.
4. This material's very soft
It feels like fibre clothe to me.
5. What's that you're cooking?
It smells like meat to me.
6. They've got very similar faces.
They look like twins to me.
7. This isn't real leather, is it. . .?
It looks like synthetic leather to me.
8. I've got something in my shoe. . . .
It feels like pebble to me.
9. I don't think you made this cake yourself. . . .
It tastes like the bakers to me.
IMPRESSIONS: SEEM
The police have found a man unconscious. They don't know who he is, but they have some ideas about him. From the evidence below, say what impressions the police have about the man, using seem.He's blond, and his clothes have Swedish labels. He's well dressed, and is wearing an expensive ring, He has nicotine stains on his fingers, and some old scars on his face. He's well built, and his hands are very rough, He has a used plane ticket from Amsterdam in his pocket, dated four days ago. He was found in the middle of a park, with a nasty wound at the back of his head.
1. He seems to be heavy smoker.
2. He doesn't seem to have been robbed.
3. He seems to be hit with a heavy rod on the back of his head.
4. He seems to be wounded.
5. He seems to have lot of enemies.
6. He seems to have come from Amsterdam
7. He seems to be wearing an expensive ring.
8. He seems to have been a rich person.
9. He seems to have been travelling a lot.
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
Look in a mirror, and write a description of yourself, Talk briefly about your height, weight and build, and describe your face in detail.
I am in my middle twenties. I'm five feet five inches tall. My weight is 56 Kg. I have got lovely straight blonde hair. I'm slim and a slightly built. I have small dark eyes and a fair complexion. I have got an oval face. I have got thin eyebrows, straight nose full lips and double chin. I have got oily face. Because of that I have some pimples in my face.
Unit 3
3. Previous Events (page: 13)
Complete the following sentences using the past perfect tense.
Rule:I + had + V3
1. I apologized to him for all the inconvenience I had caused.
2. I took back to the library all the books I had borrowed.
3. I was thoroughly ashamed of the stupid mistake I had committed.
4. On the application form I had to list all the schools I had studied.
5. I couldn’t decide weather to apply for the job I had wanted.
6. He couldn’t pay back the money I had lent.
7. I complained to the examiner about the mark I had scored.
8. I wanted to show her the present I had boughtbought
9. I threw away the pieces of the vase I had broken.
PREVIOUS ACTIVITIES
Add three sentences about the following people, explaining what they had possibly been doing
structure: subtract been+v+ing
1. Jack's eyes were all red
a. He'd been peeling onions.
b. He'd been watching TV for ten hours.
c. He'd been reading for the whole night
2. Angela was out of breath
a. She'd been running for an hours
b. She'd been hungry for at 3 days.
c. She'd been exercising for the whole morning
3. Peter was covered in dirt
a. He'd been sweeping the whole house.
b. He'd been working in the wheat mill .
c. He'd been working in a muddy path.
4. Sheila felt very cold ... .
a. She'd been walking in rain.
b. She'd been suffering from fever.
c. She'd been climbing the mountain.
5. Michael could not stand up straight. . .
a. He'd been suffering from stomach ache.
b. He'd not been eating anything since yesterday.
c. He'd been exercising a lot in the gym.
Q. Join the following sentences together using s non-defining relative clause.
1. Finally Brown (Willis had sharing an office with him) decided to retire.
- Finally brown, with whom Willis had been sharing an office, decided to retire.
2. Mrs. Aldrich (she was married with two children) never recovered consciousness.
-Mrs. Aldrich, who was married with two children, never recovered consciousness.
3. The old house 9the family had lived in it for 300 years) was finally sold.
W-The old house, in which the family had lived for 300 years, was finally sold.
4. Mary noticed that he was wearing her ring (she had lost it five years before).
- Mary noticed that he was wearing her ring which she had lost five years before.
5. Nobody liked the eldest son (Old lord Banbury had left all his money to him).
- Nobody liked the eldest son to whom Old lord Banbury had left all his money.
6. He proudly showed me round his house (he had paid £100000 for it).
-He proudly showed me round his house for which he had paid £100000.
7. He became quite fond of Brixton prison (he had spent so much of his life there).
- He became quite fond of Brixton prison where he had spent so much of his life.
8. Harold (she had always been in love with him) finally asked her to marry him).
-Harold, with whom she had always been in love, finally asked her to marry him.
9. Godfrey (his parents had been in the theatre) decided to become an actor himself.
-Godfrey, whose parents had been in the theatre, decided to become an actor himself.
10. In 1948 (he was still a student then) he joined the Conservative Party.
-In 1948, when he was still a student, he joined the Conservative Party
Unit: 4
IF THERE'S ONE THING
What might Colin say in the situations below? Begin 'If there's one thing.
1. Someone's singing in the bath. It's getting on Colin's nerves.
-If there's one thing that gets on my nerves, it's people who sing in the bath.
2. Someone's laughing at Colin. It's infuriating him
-If there's one thing that infuriates me, its people who laugh at me.
3. Someone's taken Colin's pen without asking. He's angry.
-If there's one thing that makes me angry, it's people who take my pen without
asking.
4. It's after midnight, and the people next door are playing loud music, Colin objects to it.
-If there's one thing that makes me to object me, it's people playing loud music next;door after midnight.
5. Someone's just spat in the street. Colin is offended.
-If there's one thing that makes me to offend , its people spatting in the street.
-Colin's just seen someone with purple and green hair. He can't stand this.
-If there's one thing that can't stand me, it's people who see someone with purple and green hair.
THE WAY
Write three sentences showing your attitude to each of the following, using the way
1. sports commentators
a. I like the way sports commentators give you the players' background.
(like)
b. One thing that annoys me about them is the way they shout too
much (annoy)
c. What I can't stand about them is the way (can't stand)
2. Parents
a. I dislike the way they object to my decisions.
b. One thing that I appreciate about them is the way that they care me.
c. What makes me upset about them is the way they change the decision
towards us (upset)
3. shopkeepers
a. I dislike the way the shopkeepers try to cheat us.
b. One things I like about them is the way they motivate us (like)
c. What makes me irritate about them is the way they force to buy something
(irritate)
4. Cats
a. I love the way they walk (love)
b. One thing I get interested about them is the way jump from one place to
another, (interest)
c. What I hate about them is the way they look, (hate)
who doubts what you will tell him.
.
Character Definitions (page: 19)
1. A considerate person
- A considerate person is someone who is careful not to hurt your feelings.
2. An unreliable person
-An unreliable person is someone who lets people down.
3. A Stingy person
- A Stingy person is someone who does not buy you drinks.
4. A thick-skinned person
- A thick-skinned person is someone who takes no care of how of other people criticize him.
5. A vain person
-A vain person is someone who has a high opinion of himself.
6. A skeptical person
-A skeptical person is someone who always doubts what you tell him.
7. An optimistic person
-An optimistic person is someone who
expects only good things to happen.
8. A pessimist person
- A pessimist person is someone who expects bad things to happen.
9. A generous person
-A generous person is someone who gives away lots of money.
10. Reliable Person
- A reliable person is someone who does not let people down.
11. Modest person
-A modest person is someone who doesn’t boast.
Unit: 5
How long?
Ask these people questions with How long ? Write their answers using the words in brackets.
1. Tim telephoned his father this morning, (five minutes)
you: How long did you speak to him for?
Tim: I spoke to him for about five minutes.
2. Jane wrote an essay last night, (two hours)
you: How long did you spend to write essay ?
Jane: I spent two hours to write an essay last night
3. Tony plays golf, (four years)
you: How long will you play golf?
Tony: I will play golf for four years.
4. William doesn't play the guitar anymore, (two years)
You: How long did you play the guitar?
William: I played guitar for two years.
5. Cindy is going away on holiday tomorrow, (three weeks)
You: How long are you going away on holiday?
Cindy: I will be away on holiday for three weeks .
6. Eleanor regularly files to America, (seven hours)
You: How long does it take to fly to America.
Elenor: It takes seven hours to fly to America.
7. Cyril slept well last night, (ten hours)
you: How long did you sleep last night?
Cyril: I slept for ten hours last night.
8. Liza has a cold, (three days)
you: How long have you had a cold?
Liza: I have had a cold for three days.
9. Mandy is going to drive to the coast this afternoon, (two-hour)
you: How long are you going to the coast this afternoon?
Mandy I am going to drive for 2 hours this afternoon.
10. John doesn't live in England any more, (six months)
You: How long did you live in England?
John: I lived in England for six months
Time Expressions (page: 22)
Fill in the sentences below with for, in, until, by. Rule:
1. Activities:
If the action is not complete and the actor could not show his achievement, that is activity.
Prepositions:
💕Period of time = for
💕Point of time = until
2. Achievement:
If the action is complete and the actor could show his/her achievement what he/she had done, that is achievement.
Prepositions:
Period of time = in
Point of time = by
1. She studied medicine by the age of 25.
2. They got the lunch ready by 12: 30.
3. He learnt to swim in six week.
4. They lived in New Castel until 1973.
5. My father ran a bookshop for two years.
6. We did all our housework in a couple of hours.
7. We did some housework for a couple of hours.
8. I finished my homework by
suppertime.
9. We discussed politics until three in the morning.
10. They reached the top of the mountain in four hours.
11. I borrowed my neighbor’s power drill for a few days.
12. He got all the letters typed by four o’clock.
13. The concert was over by half past nine.
14. He saved up £200 by Easter.
15. I studied French for five years.
16. She became a qualified physiotherapist in twelve months.
17. I dug the garden in a couple of hours.
18. He stayed in bed until lunchtime.
GETTING DELAYED
Continue the following in two ways:
a. using didn't. . . .for/till
b. using was before
1. They were sure they would find the oasis in a few hours (six days)
a. but they didn't find it for six days.
b. but it was six days before they found it .
2. I was sure I'd finish the crossword in a few minutes (more than half an hour)
a. but I didn't finish it for more than half an hour
b. but it was more than half an hour before I finished
3. His parents expected him to marry young (48)
a. but they didn't marry till 48.
b. but he was 48 before he married
4. I meant tomorrow the lawn during the weekend (mid-week)
a. but I didn't know the lawn till mid-week.
b. but it was mid-week before I mowed the lawn.
5. She thought she would go back home before long (several years)
a. but she didn't go back home for several years.
b. but it was several years before she would go back home.
6.Everyone expected the war to be over in a few days (almost a year)
a. but it didn't be over for almost a year
b. but it almost a year before it was over.
Unit: 6
Reporting
Q. Report the following remarks, beginning He told me….
1. My father is ill.
-He told me his father was ill.
2. I will tell her when I see her.
-He told me he would tell her when he saw her.
3. I have been sleeping very badly.
-He told me he had been sleeping very badly.
4. If they are waiting for you, you ought to go.
-He told me if they were waiting for me I ought to go.
5. The price of petrol’s going to go up.
-He told me the price of petrol was going to go up.
6. I’m sure she won’t mind if you use the phone.
-He told me he was sure she wouldn’t mind if I used the phone.
7. I wasn’t invited to the wedding.
-He said that he hadn’t been invited to the wedding.
8. I have had my car serviced.
-He told me he had had his car serviced.
9. I’m reading that book you lent me.
-He told me he was reading that book I had lent him.
10. They don’t play as much tennis as they used to.
-He told me they didn’t play as much tennis as they used to.
11. Since they have already got one, there is no point in giving them one.
-He told me since they had already got one; there was no point in giving them one.
12. You look as if you haven’t eaten for weeks.
-He told me I looked as if I hadn’t eaten for weeks.
for weeks.
REPORTING VERBS: FACTS
Report each conversation below in two sentences, using the verbs in brackets.
1. Smith: It was you who stole the car, wasn't it ?
Brown: Nonsense. Of course I didn't.
a. Smith accused Brown of stealing the car (accuse)
b. Brown denied that he had not stolen the car (deny)
2. Smith: But your fingerprints were found all over it.
Brown: I'm innocent, I tell you ! Innocent!
a. Smith pointed out that Brown's finger prints had been found all over the
car. (printout)
b. Brown insisted that he was innocent, (insist)
3. Brown: The owner lent it to me.
Smith: If you keep on lying, you'll be in trouble.
a. Brown claimed that the owner had lent it to him (claim)
b. Smith warned Brown he kept on lying he would be in trouble.
4. Brown: Well, all right, I took the car.
Smith: Look, if you tell us what happened, you won't be prosecuted.
Brown : I had to take it, because someone was following me and use it to escape in.
a. Brown admitted that he had taken the car.(admit)
b. Smith assured him if he told them what had happened he wouldn't be
prosecuted (assure)
c. Brown explained that he had had to take it because someone had been
following him and he had used that to escape in. (explain)
REPORTING VERBS:
INFLUENCING AND TAKING ACTION
choose one of the verbs in the list to report each of the remarks below.
promise advise suggest urge
threaten recommend insist beg
1. I can't tell you how important it is for you to give up smoking.
He urged me to give up smoking.
2. You've got to lend me the money! Oh, please, Please!
He begged me to lend him the money.
3. Why don't you paint the ceiling yellow?
He suggested me to paint the ceiling yellow
4. I'll buy you an ice cream if you're good
He promised me that he would buy / to buy me an ice cream.
5. You should spend a week in Scotland-it's lovely.
He recommended me to spend a week in Scotland. It's lovely
6. No, I've already told you-I'm going to pay.
He ring, is ted me to tell him, he was going to pay.
7. You really ought to have your roof repaired, you know.
He advised me to have my roof repaired .
8. I'll report you to the police if you don't do what I say.
He threatened me to report to police.
If I didn't do what he said.
Q. Choose one of the verbs in the list to report each of the remarks below. Promise,advise ,suggest,urge threaten,recommend,insist,beg
1. I can’t tell you how important it is for you to give up smoking.-He urged me to give up smoking.
2. You have got to lend me the money! Oh, please, please!
-He begged me to lend him the money.
3. Why don’t you paint the ceiling yellow?
º He suggested me to paint the ceiling yellow.
4. I’ll buy you an ice cream if you are good.
-He promised to buy me an ice cream if I was good.
5. You should spend a week in Scotland it is lovely.
- He recommended that I should spend a week in Scotland.
6. No, I have already told you – I’m going to pay.
-He insisted that he was going to pay.
7. You really ought to have your roof repaired, you know.
-He advised me to have my roof repaired.
8. I’ll report to the police if you don’t do what I say.
-He threatened to report me to the police if I didn’t do what he said.
Unit: 7
Q. Rewrite the sentences by, using must, can’t, may/might.
1. I’m sure they have arrived.
- They must have arrived.
2. I”M sure he is not having lunch having lunch.
- He can’t be having lunch.
3. Perhaps he didn’t hear you.
-He might not have heard you.
4. I’m sure it hasn’t been snowing.
-It can’t have been snowing.
5. Perhaps he wasn’t telling the truth.
-He might not have been telling the truth.
6. I’m sure you are exhausted.
-You must be exhausted.
7. May be he was delayed.
-He might have been delayed.
8. I’m convinced you haven’t forgotten my name.
-You can’t have forgotten my name.
9. I am sure I was dreaming.
-I must have been dreaming.
10. I’m sure you are imagining things.
-You must be imagining things.
11. It is possible that they are going away.
-They may be going away.
12. I’m sure they weren’t serious.
-They can’t have been serious.
13. Obviously he has been kidnapped.
R -He must have been kidnapped.
14. Perhaps she is going to ring.
-She may be going to ring.
15. I’m sure they weren’t informed.
-" They can’t have been informed.
CONCLUSIONS FROM EVIDENCE
Draw three different conclusions from each of the following pieces of evidence.-
1. There are five bottles of mils on their front door step.
a. They must have forgotten to cancel their milk deliveries before they went
away.
b. They can't have woken up yet.
c. There must be some guests staying with them.
2. There are two large suitcases in her car.
a. someone must have forgotten to take two suitcases.
b. She must have bought a new one.
c. They can't be of herself
d. She must be going to airport
3. I saw the wheelers coming out of the American Embassy this morning.
a. They must have brought in use the wheelers.
b. They wheelers can't have been used before.
c. They must be bringing wheelers in use. can't be
4. His name isn't in the phone book.
a. I must have written his name in my notebook
b. I can't have written in my other notebook.
c. It must be in my diary.
5. Her coat's on the floor.
a. She must have forgotten to take it.
b. She can't have left the flat
c. She must be somewhere else here.
Q. Explain the following deduction using if….sentence.
Rules:
1. If + simple present, + simple future
2. If + simple past, + Would + V1
3. If + past perfect, + would have + V3
1. He can’t be a soldier-he’s not wearing a uniform.
- If he was a soldier, he would be wearing a uniform.
2. There can’t be anyone at home – the car has gone.
-If there was anyone at home, the car wouldn’t have gone.
3. They must be having an argument – they have shut the door.
-If they were not having an argument, they wouldn’t have shut the door.
4. She can’t have been enjoying herself – she left early.
- If she had been enjoying herself, she wouldn’t have left early.
5. He must have been here recently – the kettle’s warm.
-If he had not been here recently, the kittle wouldn’t have been warm.
6. He can’t be working at the library – I haven’t seen him.
-If he was working in the library, I would have seen him there.
7. She must know English – she was listening to BBC.
-If she didn’t know English, she would not be listening the BBC.
8. They must have got lost – they’re not here yet.
- If they had not got lost, they would be here now.
Unit:8
Q. Rewrite the sentences about supermark ets below, beginning with the wor ds given.
Encourage,enable,allow, make it easier, discourage,save,force,make it more difficult
1. People tend to buy more in supermarkets because of the open display.
~The open display encourages people to buy more.
2. People can also steal things more easily because of the open display.
~The open display makes it easier to the people to steal things.
3. There’s a wide range of goods, so you can do all your shopping in one place. - -The wide range of goods enables you to do all your shopping in one place.
4. Some supermarkets use cameras, so the people are less likely to steal things. -The use of cameras discourages people to steal things.
5. Must supermarkets have a car park next door, so costumers don’t have to carry their shopping a long way.
-Having a car park next door saves costumers from carrying their shopping a long way.
6. Supermarkets buy in bulk, so they can sell thins at cut prices.
-Buying in bulk allows them to sell things in cut prices.
7. Because supermarkets sell things at cut prices, smaller shops have to lower their prices too.
- The cut prices in supermarkets forces smaller shops to lower their prices too.
8. Because of the competition from supermarkets, it’s harder for smaller shops to stay in business.
-The competition from supermarkets makes it more difficult for smaller shops to stay in business.
Positive and Negative Advice:
Complete the following sentences with: (a) there’s no point/it’s not worth (b) might as well.
1. Since they don’t appreciate good food anyway
a. there’s no point in cooking them anything special.
b. you might as well 1 heat up something out of a tin.
a. there’s no point in cooking them anything special.
b. you might as well 1 heat up something out of a tin.
2. If the theater never fills up anyway
a. There is no point in booking the ticket in advance
b. You might as well buy a ticket in counter itself.
a. There is no point in booking the ticket in advance
b. You might as well buy a ticket in counter itself.
3. Since you’re only going to read the book once
a. it’s not worth in buying that book/it
b. You might as well take my book.
a. it’s not worth in buying that book/it
b. You might as well take my book.
4. If they’re going to televise the match live
a. There is no point in going to stadium.
b. You might as well watch in TV.
a. There is no point in going to stadium.
b. You might as well watch in TV.
5. Since everyone else will be wearing jeans
a. There is no point in wearing cotton suit.
b. You might as well take a paint of jean.
a. There is no point in wearing cotton suit.
b. You might as well take a paint of jean.
6. If you’re sure the police will find you anyway
a. There is no point in hiding in longer.
b. You might as well (go to him directly.) surrender yourself.
a. There is no point in hiding in longer.
b. You might as well (go to him directly.) surrender yourself.
Unit: 9
CLARIFYING
INFORMATION QUESTIONS
Fill the gaps below with information questions.
1. A: What was the weather like?
B: It was cold and rather windy.
2. A: Which size of shoes do you take?
B: I take 36, actually. I've got rather small feet.
3. A : How many time do you brush?
B: Ooh after every meal, usually.
4. A: What have you got?
B: I've got a Labrador.
5. A: When are you going to set your hair
B: I'm going to have it shampooed and set.
6. A: Mr. Coombs left $20,000 when he died.
B: Really? Who did inherit it?
7. A: I only took one photo while I was in Rome.
B: Did you? Where did you take my photo ?
8. A Ow! think I've been stung.
B: Really ? Where were you?
9. I've managed to borrow that $ 100 I need.
B: Have you? Who has lent it?
10. A: I had a really strange dream last night.
B: Do you ? What did you see in the dream?
11. A: Sh! I'm listening to the Prime Minister on the radio.
B: Are you ? What is he saying?
Indirect questions:
What does he do for a living? I often wonder?
-I often wonder what he does for a living.
2. Does she like classical music? Can you remember?
-Can you remember whether she likes classical music?
3. Where are you going for your holidays? Have you decided yet?
-Have you decided yet where you are going for holidays?
4. Are you coming tomorrow? I need to know.
-I need to know whether you are coming tomorrow.
5. Did you ever find your camera? I have been meaning to ask you.
-I have been meaning to ask you whether you ever found your found your camera.
6. What crime was he been charged with? Do you know?
- Do you know what crime he has been charged with.
7. Did he look angry? Did you notice?
-Did you notice if he had looked angry?
CHECKING UP
I. PRESENT TENSE IS IT?
II. PAST TENSE WAS IT?
III. Ask questions beginning Is/Was it ?, as in the examples.
1. Excuse me, sir. Did you order three steaks or four?
Excuse me, sir. Was it three or four steaks that you ordered?
2. Has your father been helping you with your homework? Or has your mother?
Is it your father or our mother who's been helping you with your homework?
3. Do remind me- did we last meet in Paris or Madrid?
Do remind me-was it in Paris or Madrid that we last met.
4. I've completely forgotten-do we have to come early tomorrow or the day after?
Is it tomorrow or the day after that we have to come early?
5. He's engaged to a Japanese girl, I thing, Or maybe she's Chinese.
Is she Japanese or Chinese girl that the is engaged to ?
6. Do you grow flowers or vegetables in your garden?
Is it flowers or vegetable that you grow in your garden?
7. Did you want to speak to the manager or the assistant manager?
Was it manager or the assistant manager that you wanted to speak to ?
8. I can't remember- are you going to London by bus or by train?
I can't remember is it by bus or by train that you going to London?
9. Johns father own a garage, doesn't he? Or am I thinking of Tony?
Is it John's father or Tony's who owns a garage?
10. Can you remind me-are the Spencers arriving on Saturday or Sunday?
Can you remind me- is it on Saturday or Sunday when the Spencers are arriving?
CORRECTING
Correct the statements below.
1. Charles Dickens was born in Stratford-on-Avon.
It wasn't Charles Dickens who was born in Stratford-on-Avon. It was Shakespeare.
2. Doctors look after your teeth.
It isn't a doctor who looks after you teeth. It is dentists.
3. Marco Polo discovered America.
It wasn't Marco Polo who discovered America-It was Christopher Columbus.
4. The sun causes the tides.
It isn't sun which causes the tide. It is moon.
5. Democracy started in Italy.
It wasn't in Italy where democracy started. It was in Athens.
6. Agatha Christie wrote the James Bond stories.
It wasn't Agatha Christie who wrote the James Bond stories . It was Ian Fleming .
7. India has the largest population in the world.
It isn't India that has a largest population in the world. It is china.
8. Martin Luther king was assassinated in Dallas.
It wasn't Martin Luther king who was assassinated in Dallas, It was John Kennedy.
UNIT:10
Q. Write three wishes for the following situations each:
1) would
2) could
3) past tense
1. You are in bed with flue.
-If only my temperature would go down.
- I wish I could get up.
-I wish there wasn’t so much traffic outside.
2. You are lost.
-If only I would get some friend.
-I wish I could inform my friend.
-I wish I was able to find the way.
3. You are out of work.
-I wish I could get a job.
-If only I would start my business.
-I wish I had a lot of money.
4. You are trying to communicate with a foreigner who doesn’t speak your language.
- If only I would get interpreter.
-I wish I could express my ideas.
-I wish I was perfect in the new language.
5. You are in love.
-If only I could write a love poem.
-I wish she would live me.
-I wish I talked to her about dating.
ANTASIZING
Write short paragraphs beginning as follows:
1. It could have any job I wanted, I would be the greatest politician I would fight
against racial Prejudice and discrimination. I would sacrifice all the pleasures of my life for the achievement of love, unity and humanity. I would bring drastic change is the field of education.
2. If I had six months' paid holiday, I would go to London. I would stand 1 an hour in London bridge .1 would go to backing ham palace. I would go to Hyde park to play hide and seek and then I would observed the rural areas of London.
3. If I only had three months to live, I would go back to my house. I would visit my friends and relatives I would go to Pokhara I would enjoy a lot. I would finish all my money.
4. If I was the Minister of Education, I would change the policy of education, I encourage people to establish different schools and universities. I would bring drastic change in curriculum.
COULD HAVE AND NEEDN'T HAVE
Add two sentences to the remarks below: (a) with could have (b) with needn't have.
1. You didn't tell me you could do electrical repairs.
⇰ You could have mended my radio for me.
➪ I needn't have taken my radio to the shop to be repaired.
2. I wish I'd known their telephone had been repaired.
➭I could have telephoned them.
⇨I needn't have sent them letter.
3. If only you'd told me you were ill.
⇨I could have taken you to hospital.
➭You needn't have gone to hospital alone.
4. I didn't realise I still had $10 in my pocket.
➭Icould have brought a packet of biscuits.
➭ I needn't have borrowed money from my friends.
5. I didn't know I was going to win all that money.
➭I! could have bought a car.
➭ I needn't have worked on the road.
6. I had no idea it would be so warm here.
➭I could have bought cotton clothes
➭I needn't have bought so many sweaters.
Unit:11
THE RIGHT ORDER
Write two sentences for each pair of events below, showing that the person did them in the right order.
1. read the instructions/ switch on the machine
➭ Very sensibly, he read the instructions before he switched on the machine.
➭Very sensibly, he didn't switch on the machine until he'd read the instructions.
2. Measure the room/ order the carpet
➭ Very wisely, he measured the room before he ordered the carpet
➭Very wisely, he didn't order the carpet until he had measured the room.
3. Check his answers/ leave the exam room
⇨Sensibly, he checked the answers before the left he exam room.
⇨Sensibly, he didn't leave the exam room until he had checked the answer.
4. Have their hours decorated/ put it up for sale
➪Wisely, they had their house decorated before they put it up for sale.
➫Wisely, they didn't put their house up for sale until they had had it decorated.
5. Turn of the electric blanket/ get into bed
➪Sensibly, he turned off the electric blanket before he got into bed.
➫Sensibly, he didn't get into bed until he had turned off the electric blanket.
THE WRONG ORDER
Imagine the people in exercise 2 above did things in the wrong order, write two sentences for
each, showing what they did wrong.
1. a. Stupidly, he didn't read the instructions before he switched on the machine,
b. Stupidly, he switched on the machine before he'd read the instructions.
2. a. Foolishly, he ordered the carpet before he had measured the room.
b. Foolishly, he didn't measure the carpet before the ordered the blanket.
3. a, Very unwisely, he didn't his answer before he left the exam room.
b. Very unwisely, he left the exam room before he had checked his answer.
4. a. Rather unwisely, they didn't have their house decorated before they put it up for sale.
b. Rather unwisely, they put the house up for sale before they had had it decorated.
5. a. Very stupidly, he didn't turn off the electric blanked before he got into bed.
c. Very stupidly, he got into bed before he had turned off the electric blanket.
Events in Rapid Succesion
Q. Write two sentences showing how the following pairs of events happened in rapid succession:
(a) using only just
(b) using no sooner
1. My grandfather retired / he had a heart attack
a) My grandfather had only just retired when he had a heart attack
b) No sooner had my grandfather retired than he had a heart attack.
2. The Wilkinsons went to bed / Mrs. Wilkinson heard a strange noise
a) The Wilkinsons had only just gone to bed when Mrs. Wilkinson heard a strange noise.
b) No sooner had the Wilkinsons gone to bed than Mrs. Wilkinson heard a strange noise.
3. The plane took off / three hijackers walked into the cabin.
a) The plane had only just taken off when three hijackers walked in the cabin.
b) No sooner had the plane taken off than three hijackers walked into the cabin.
4. I sat down to watch mu favourite program / some friends turned off.
a) I had only just sat down to watch my favourite programme when some friends turned off.
b) No sooner had I sat down to watch my favourite programme than some friends turned off.
5. The new exhibition hall was opened / it was destroyed by fire.
a) The new exhibition hall had only just opened when it was destroyed by fire.
b) No sooner had the new exhibition the new exhibition opened than it was destroyed by fire.
Unit: 12
Q. Write comparative sentences based on the information below.
1. Car sales last year in Britain:
British Cars: 38% foreign cars: 62%
-Foreign cars are a lot more popular than British cars . (a lot)
-British cars aren’t nearly as popular as foreign cars. (not nearly)
2. Exam Marks:
Jane: 75% Paul: 42%
-Jane scores far higher percentage of marks than Paul. (far)
-Paul didn’t score nearly as high percentage of marks as Jane. (not nearly)
3. My house: £4000, your house: £38500
-My house costs slightly more than yours. (Slightly)
- Your house costs almost as much as mine. (almost)
4. Jane is 16, Paul is 17
-Paul is a bit older than Jane. (a bit)
-Jane isn’t quite as old as Paul. (not quite)
5. Math Exam 70% failed, History Exam: 24% failed.
-The Math exam was much more difficult than history exam. (much)
-The history exam wasn’t nearly as difficult as the math exam. (not nearly)
COMPARISONS INVOLVING VERBS
Express the meanings of the sentences below with another comparative sentence, beginning with the words given.
1. Those children ought to go to bed much earlier than they do.
Those children go to bed much later than they ought to.
2. He's not supposed to drink quite as much as he does.
He drinks much more than he's supposed to .
3. We hadn't expected them to arrive as early as they did.
They arrived much earlier than we had expected them to
4. I've never been as frightened as I was during that flight.
During that flight, I was much more frightened than I have ever been.
5.I had thought the room would be more expensive than it actually was. the
room was actually cheaper than I had thought it would be.
6. There are more foreign tourists this year than there have ever been before.
There have never been as many foreign tourists they are this year.
7.You didn't need to get up nearly as early as you did.
You got up much earlier than you needed to.
8.I would have liked to stay longer than I was able to.
Unfortunately, I couldn't stay as long as I would have liked to.
9.It was quite unnecessary for you to tell them as much as you did.
You told them much more than it was necessary for you to do so.
Unit: 13
Getting the right order
1. your hand / eat
a) You should wash your hand before you eat.
b) You shouldn’t eat until you have washed your hands.
c) Otherwise you might get an infection.
2. Close your windows / go out
a) You should close your windows before you go out.
b) You shouldn’t go out until you have closed your windows.
c) Otherwise thieves might enter your house.
3. have some driving lessons / take your driving test.
a) You should have some driving lessons before you take some driving test.
b) You shouldn’t take your driving test until you have had some driving test.
c) Otherwise you might fail the test.
4. clean your teeth / go to bed
a) You should clean your teeth before you go to bed.
b) You shouldn’t go to bed until you have cleaned your teeth.
c) Otherwise your teeth might be damaged.
5. test the temperature of the water / bath the baby
a) You should test the temperature of the water before you bath the baby.
b) You shouldn’t bath the baby until you have tested the temperature of the water.
c) Otherwise it might burn him.
Ex:13.
3 .look at the pictures and notes below, which show how instant coffe is produced and write a brief description of the process
-The coffee beans are picked by hand.When this has been done, they are laid in the open and sried by sun they are has poured done into a big metal container and rosted in the fire. There after, the beans are, made to cool down repaidly. This can be done by keeping the container in shallow water .After that they are ground by a grinder and mixed with hot water. When this has been done, the mixture is strained and frozen. Then again the frozen liquid is ground and dried in a vaccum. Finally, they are packed into jars.
4.Look at the diagram below,and explain what happens to water after it evaporates in the sun.
- When water evaporates in the sun, this vapour rises and is changed into millions of tiny drops of water. These tiny drops of water float about in the air and goes up to the sky. This cold air appears there in the form of coulds. The clouds rise with the air as they move towards the high land or mountains and become heavy and cool. These heavy drops of water can not float in the air and fall down as rain.
5.explain the educational process in your country ,fromb the begining of school to the end of university, Include information about: ages, types of school,what the student does at each stage, and examination.
- There are mainly two distinct stages in the educational system of our country. University education and school education. School education has three stages. Primary level schools impart education upto class 3.Lower secondary schools take over and impart education up to class 7.Class IX and X fall in secondar level education. After the students appear for the L.C. examination they join higher secondary school. After the completion of this level ,they do four year bachlor level course. When they have done this,they'll be eligible for Master's level.Interested student can also do phd level or resource work after their master's.
Unit: 14
Giving Advice with predictions
1. Do you think I should learn Chinese/
Yes,
- you should – it’s sure to help you get a job.
- I wouldn’t - you are unlikely to use it very much.
2. I was thinking of building a swimming pool in the garden.
-Yes, you should – you are sure to make your health better by swimming in it.
-I wouldn’t –you are unlikely to swim in water.
3. Perhaps I should take a week off work.
-Yes, you should – you are likely to feel fresh after your holiday.
-I wouldn’t – you are certain to be bored after a day or two.
4. I can’t decide whether to buy a house or not.
-Yes, you should – you definitely want have to pay the higher rent.
-No you shouldn’t – the rent is likely to be far over than the investment.
5. They have sent me the wrong size. Shall I write and complain?
-Yes, you should – they are sure to send you the right size.
-No, you shouldn’t – even the wrong one is likely to be lost.
4 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
Write paragraphs predicting future devlopment, concerning the topics below. Use some or all the ideas given to help you.
1.Energy
Oil running out: prices, oilfield wars, other forms of energy. government control
Oil is bound to run out in the next thirty years. Prices are likely to continue to rise quite rapidly, and unless new SOurCes of energy are devloped,government may have to control the amount of oil that people are allowed to use.
It is quite likely that wars will even be fought to get control of the oil fields. Nulear power is certain to be used more widely in the future.
ऊर्जा
तेल बाहिर चलिरहेको छ: मूल्यहरू, तेल क्षेत्रहरू, ऊर्जाको अन्य रूपहरू। सरकारी नियन्त्रण
तेलले अर्को तीस वर्षमा भाग्न बाध्य छ। मूल्यहरू सम्भवतः छिटो बढ्न जारी राख्ने सम्भावना छ, र ऊर्जाको नयाँस्रोतहरु विकसित गरियो नभएसम्म, सरकारले प्रयोग गर्न अनुमति दिने तेलको मात्रा नियन्त्रण गर्न सक्छ।
यो एकदम सम्भव छ कि युद्धहरू तेल क्षेत्रहरूको नियन्त्रण लिनको लागी पनि लडाई हुनेछ। न्यून बिजुलीलाई निश्चित रूपमा भविष्यमा अधिक व्यापक प्रयोग गरिने निश्चित छ।
2.World Population
Birth control,Goverment control; starvation: new sources of food, diseases.
The population of world is very likely to be doubled by 2030 unless effective Birth control programmes are started and implemented.
This programm may have make family planning compulsory.If the current rate of population growth continues, we may not have enough food to eat, and a vast number Of people colud die of starvation Epidemics could break out.
विश्व जनसंख्या वृद्धि
जन्म नियन्त्रण, गोवर नियन्त्रण भूखण्ड: भोजन, रोगहरु को नयाँ स्रोत।
2030 सम्म संसारको आबादी दुग्ध हुने सम्भावना छ जबसम्म प्रभावी जन्म नियन्त्रण कार्यक्रमहरू सुरु र लागू भएन।यो प्रोग्रामले परिवार नियोजन अनिवार्य बनाएको हुन सक्दछ। यदि जनसंख्या वृद्धिको वर्तमान दर जारी छ, हामी खानेको लागि पर्याप्त खाना नहुन सक्छ, र एक विशाल संख्या कोलाहटबाट मारेको बिरुवाबाट मर्नु पर्छ महामारी
3.Technology
microchips, video. telephones, etc, transport, robots;unemployment
It's very likely that we'll see many more wenders of science microchips, video telephones, could be found almost in very household. New technology development are bound to create more efficient robots. Transport could undergo much change.You never know -we may develop artificial wings, wear them and fly about instead of using cycle and motorbikes .But unemployment is sure to increase.
प्रविधि
माइक्रोचिप्स, भिडियो। टेलिफोन, आदि, यातायात, रोबोट; बेरोजगारी
यो धेरै सम्भव छ कि हामी विज्ञान माइक्रोचिपको धेरै अधिक विन्डरहरू देख्नेछौं, भिडियो टेलिफोन, लगभग धेरै परिवारमा फेला पार्न सकिन्छ। नयाँ प्रविधि विकास अधिक कुशल रोबोटहरू सिर्जना गर्न बाध्य छन्। यातायातले धेरै परिवर्तन गुमाउन सक्दछ .तपाईँले कहिल्यै थाहा छैन-हामी कृत्रिम पखेटाहरू विकास गर्न सक्दछन्, उनीहरूको लुगा लगाउने र चक्र र मोटरबाइकहरू प्रयोग गर्नुको सट्टा उड्न सक्नेछन् .तर बेरोजगारी बढाउनु पर्छ।
Unit:15
Passive reporting verbs
1. He was born in Manchester in 1932. (know)
-He is known to have been born in Manchester in 1932.
2. His parents took him to America when he was seven. (think)
-His parents are thought to have taken him to America when he was seven.
3. He is worth five billion dollars. (estimate)
-He is estimated to be worth five billion dollars.
4. He is living on a remote Greek island. (remour)
-He’s remoured to be living on a remote Greek Island.
5. He was responsible for murders in the sixties. (allege)
-He’s alleged to have been responsible for several murders in the sixties.
6. He has been married five times. (believe)
-He’s believed to have been married fiv e times.
7. He is a heavy drinker (say)
-He is said to be a heavy drinker.
8. He has had a serious heart attack recently. (think)
-He has thought to have had a serious heart attack recently.
9. Several governments are suing him for tax offences, (report)
-Several governments are reported to be suing him for tax offences.
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